Accommodations: Are changes in assessment materials or procedures that provide students with disabilities access to assessment so that more can participate. Accommodations also allow for a student's knowledge and skills to be assessed rather than the student's disability.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): The federally recognized term for defining where students with disabilities should be educated. LRE is the environment where students with disabilities would most likely be educated if not in special education.

Non-standard accommodation: Substantial changes in the way a test is administered or taken. These change or alter what is being measured by the test. For example, extended time on a speeded test, spell checker for a spelling test, or use of a calculator for a math test that is assessing the basic four operations

Standard accommodation: Changes in the way a test is given that do not alter what is being measured by the test. For example, a different setting where the test is taken, test directions simplified, or use of a word mask/template.

Test item construct: What the test or test item is trying to measure.