
written by: Meredith
Cannon, Spring 2001
graphics, editing, & formatting by: Dr. Beth McCulloch Vinson
Subject: One-digit
Division
Grade: Third
I.
Behavioral Objective:
After a teacher-directed math lesson, Mrs. Cannon’s third-grade math
class will represent division with physical materials, use division symbols, and
divide using one-digit divisors. Each student will divide candy into sets, write
division algorithms, and solve division problems with one-digit divisors. Each
student will divide at an accuracy rate of at least 90%.
II.
Instructional Method:
A. Anticipatory Set:
1.
Explain
to the children that today they will learn how to divide.
2.
Read
the book The Doorbell Rang.
3.
Tell
the children about the necessity of division in everyday life, such as cooking
and sharing.
4.
Review
by using paper cookies to construct equivalent sets.
5.
Supply
the following definitions to ensure understanding: “division, ”
“dividend,” “divisor,” and “quotient.”
B.
Statement of Objective:
“After
our lesson you will be able to divide cookies into sets, do division problems
using one-digit divisors, identify and use division symbols, and write division
number sentences.”
C.
Instructional Input:
1.
Review
skip counting by twos, threes, fours, etc.
2.
Review
equivalent sets using paper cookies.
3.
Show
the children simple division problems using paper cookies.
4.
Use
the magnetic chalkboard to display the definitions of “division,”
“dividend,” “divisor,” and “quotient.”
D.
Modeling
1.
Illustrate
how to make sets of cookies and show the parallel between sets and division.
2.
Using
the whiteboard, share the following problem with the class to illustrate
one-digit division. “Two girls wanted cookies for snack and there were eight
cookies left. How many cookies can each girl get?” Demonstrate the problem
using the paper cookies and partitive division.
3.
Show
the symbolic representation of the problem on the whiteboard.(8÷2=4)
E.
Checking for Understanding:
1.
After
sharing the problem ask the students to figure out how many cookies each girl
would get if there were twelve instead of eight.
2.
Ask
the students for their answers and an explanation of each answer.
F.
Guided Practice:
1.
Put
the children in groups of four and give each group 30 paper cookies.
2.
Give
them their own whiteboards or placemats to use as division boards.
3.
Give
the children the following problem and allow them to work it out as the teacher
does on his/her whiteboard. “Susie and Elizabeth made cookies for their
friends. There are twenty-four cookies and they want to give each of them four.
How many friends can they share their cookies with?” Tell the children
to raise a quiet hand when their group has completed the problem.
G.
Independent Practice:
1.
Ask
the students to make up three division problems of their own.
2.
Be
sure to tell them to write down all of the problems they attempt to answer.
3.
Oversee
the children as they do this activity to see if anyone needs help.
1. Strategies for Exceptional
Children:
a.
For
enrichment, increase the number of cookies given to gifted children and,
during independent practice, give them a more difficult problem to work.
b.
For
remediation, allow the children to use larger objects to answer simpler
problems.
2. Activities which Value
Cultural Diversity:
a.
Allow
the children who speak English as a second language, to tell the word for "cookie"
and "count out the cookies", in their native language.
b.
Children
from other cultures will be allowed to bring several small objects from home
that are related to their culture to use as an example of one-digit division.
3. Activities which Foster
Active Inquiry, Critical Thinking, and Problem Solving:
a.
Ask
the children to bring small objects from home that they will be able to use for
the following day’s division activities. Examples: egg cartons, buttons,
pencils, etc.
b.
The
class will also go to the cafeteria for a small field trip to see the real-life
application of division. They can “interview” the lunchroom staff about the
way that they use division. Upon returning to the classroom, they will be given
one or two division problems about food. (Ex. “If we made 50 chicken
fingers, have we made enough for eight students to get ten each?”)
H.
Closure and Summary:
1.
Close
the day’s math lesson by allowing the children to relate their own division
problems and answers to the other students.
2.
Ask
the children to look for related ways to use division throughout the day in the
school building and when they get home, and have them report their findings the
following day during math time.
III. Assessment
Techniques:
The students in Mrs. Cannon’s third-grade math class will do one-digit
division problems by making equivalent sets at an accuracy rate of 90%.
It is necessary to determine whether or not a child can construct
equivalent sets, skip count, subtract, and do simple multiplication problems, before
the lesson is taught. The teacher can quiz the children on skip counting by
having them skip count out loud together, while he/she checks for understanding.
The teacher can give the children various groups of small objects to determine
their ability to construct equivalent sets, subtract, and complete simple
multiplication problems. The same sets can be used to work division problems.
IV. Materials
200 paper cookies, whiteboard, magnetic chalkboard, key word display
pieces, small whiteboards or placemats (division boards), dry erase markers,
paper, pencils.
Books:
Hutchins, P. (1986). The
Doorbell Rang. New York:
Alabama
State Courses of Study for Mathematics: Third grade. Page 29, 11-12.
Websites:
http://www.hbschool.com/glossary/math/glossary3.html
Other
resources: Dr. Beth Vinson’s ED 324 "Primary Mathematics" class
These
things are attached to this lesson plan: (a) a division article,
division - the process of sharing a number of items to find how many groups can be made or how many items will be in a group; the opposite operation of multiplication.
Division Example:
6 blocks separating into 3 groups of 2
6 ÷ 3 = 2
dividend - the number that is being divided in a division problem.
Dividend Example:
35 ÷ 5 = 7
The dividend is 35.
divisor - the number that divides a number.
Divisor Example:
18 ÷ 3 = 6
The
divisor is 3.
quotient - the answer in a division problem.
Quotient Example:
35 ÷ 5 = 7
The quotient is 7.
Also,
see the PowerPoint Slide Show entitled, "Measurement Division" and
"Partitive Division" at:
http://www.athens.edu/pt3/vinson/measure.ppt
http://www.athens.edu/pt3/vinson/partitive.ppt